Theological Insights on Moses' Seeing God in Exodus 33
- Ken Kalis
- Sep 15
- 5 min read
I have experienced the Presence of God, although I did not see Him.
As "When Jesus Comes" was playing on my Mom's old phonograph, I felt Him come into the room.
I was a sick little boy who couldn't breathe in an asthma attack.
When He came, my lungs were filled with air, and I was healed.
His loving care opened my heart, and He came in that day.
The book of Exodus contains a pivotal moment in the Old Testament where Moses* (1571-1451 BC) profoundly encounters God. In Exodus 33:21-23, God provides Moses with a rare glimpse of His glory.
An asterisk* after a name means the person is in SPIRITUAL LIVES.
“Discover more about God and stories of faith. Read more on my website: https://kenkalis.com”
This event prompts deep reflection on divine revelation and the reality of seeing God. What did Moses truly witness? Scholars and theologians have discussed this for centuries, offering varied interpretations that enrich our understanding of this significant passage.
The Context of Moses' Encounter
Moses, a central figure in the history of the Israelites, had an extraordinary relationship with God. He spoke to God "face to face" (Exodus 33:11), underscoring a unique bond. Yet, in this moment, God tells Moses he cannot see His face, for no one can see God and live (Exodus 33:20). Instead, God offers Moses a safe position on a rock while His glory passes by, which serves as both a physical and spiritual refuge.
The metaphor of standing on a rock is powerful. In biblical symbolism, rocks often represent strength and safety. By placing Moses in the cleft of the rock, God ensures that he is shielded from His overwhelming glory. This moment highlights the delicate balance between God's absolute holiness and human vulnerability—a theme present throughout Scripture.
What Did Moses Actually See?
The nature of what Moses saw remains ambiguous. The text lacks explicit details, inviting a range of interpretations. John Wesley (1703-1791) argues that Moses witnessed the "back parts" of God, akin to seeing a person after they have passed by, only getting a fleeting view of their figure. This perspective reveals that while Moses could not see God's full glory, he was given a crucial, partial revelation.
Wesley also contrasts this experience with Moses's later vision during the Transfiguration of Christ, where he could see the complete radiance of God's glory. This contrast highlights the gradual unfolding of divine revelation throughout biblical history, culminating in Jesus Christ* (4 BC-30 AD), who embodies the fullness of God.
Owen's Exposition: The Nature of Divine Revelation
Theologian John Owen (1616-1683) provides insightful commentary on this passage, suggesting that God's face symbolizes His essential glory, which exceeds human understanding. Moses does not see God's face but rather experiences a manifestation of His glory through His actions and the revelation of His character.
For instance, in Exodus 34:6-7, God introduces Himself to Moses as merciful, gracious, slow to anger, and full of steadfast love, outlining essential traits of His character. This revelation forms a crucial basis for the relationship between God and His people. Moses' experience is not merely visual but also about comprehending God's essence and His unyielding faithfulness.
Poole's Assessment: A Glimpse of the Divine Model
Matthew Poole (1624-1679) offers a compelling perspective, noting that Moses' glimpse likely corresponds to the "back parts" of humankind, potentially alluding to a divine model from which humanity is created (Genesis 1:26-27). This interpretation invites deeper reflection on the theological significance embedded in the idea of being made in God's image.
Seeing the "back parts" of God may also prompt us to acknowledge how God reveals Himself throughout history. Just as Moses caught a glimpse of divine glory, we too can identify God's presence through His creation, scripture, and the everyday situations we encounter in life.
The Significance of God's Glory
God's glory frequently appears in Scripture, embodying His majesty, holiness, and power. In Exodus 33, God's glory is not just an exhibition of might; it reflects His compassionate nature. When God passes by Moses, He is not just flaunting His power; He is revealing Himself as a loving deity who desires a connection with His creations.
This encounter reminds us that, while we may not entirely grasp God's glory, we can feel its effects in our daily lives. Whether through the awe of nature, meaningful relationships, or moments of profound peace, we can experience God's active and present glory.
Embracing the Mystery of Divine Revelation
Moses' vision in Exodus 33 invites us to cultivate a deeper understanding of the divine. The specifics of what he saw might remain uncertain, yet the significance of this encounter is undeniable. It motivates us to explore how we recognize God's presence in our lives and encourages us to pursue a relationship with Him that goes beyond simple comprehension.
As we contemplate this passage, let us accept the mystery surrounding divine revelation. Just as Moses found shelter in the cleft of the rock, we too can secure refuge in God's embrace. While we may not see His face, we can actively pursue and experience His glory in the world around us.
In reflecting on Moses' encounter with God, we are reminded that the journey of faith is filled with discovery and awe. As we strive to comprehend the nature of God, let us remain receptive to the diverse ways He reveals Himself, trusting that, even amid mystery, His glory shines brightly.
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Underlying all the theology here is this simple insight into Moses' heart!
He wanted to see God and pleaded with Him to reveal Himself.
Jesus wants to reveal Him self to you today! Will you let him?
He wants you to invite Him into your heart, but He doesn' push: He knocks.
Open the door!
What are the joys of earth to one
Who sees the Master’s face?
What is the shining of the sun
Beside the Master’s grace?
Before the splendor of His worth
Our earthly lights are dim;
We gladly leave the things of earth
To follow after Him.
His love has blessed us all our days,
His care each gift bestows;
He leadeth us beside the ways
Where living water flows.
And if we follow in His lead,
Whatever may befall,
His gifts shall satisfy each need,
Sufficient unto all.
Thy care has crowned our every hour,
Be with us still, O Lord!
First the full bud, and then the flower,
Shall blossom at Thy word.
Unto this waiting heart of mine
Reveal Thy perfect grace,
And let me see, by love divine,
The shining of Thy face.
Words: E. Norman Gunnison, 1881
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